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Slice the beef: If your beef isn't pre-sliced, freeze it for 30 minutes first — it firms up just enough to slice paper-thin against the grain. Thin slices mean fast cooking and a tender bite.
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Mix the marinad: In a large bowl, whisk together the soy sauce, brown sugar, sesame oil, garlic, ginger, grated pear, water, black pepper, and the white parts of the scallions.
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Marinate the beef: Add the sliced beef to the marinade and toss to coat every piece. Cover and let it sit for at least 30 minutes at room temperature, or up to 8 hours in the fridge for a deeper flavor. Don't skip this step, but also don't go much longer than 8 hours — the pear's enzymes can start to break the meat down too much and turn it mushy.
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Heat the pan: Set a large skillet or wok over high heat and add the neutral oil. You want it shimmering and just barely smoking before the beef goes in.
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Sear in batches: Working in two or three batches so you don't crowd the pan, add the beef in a single layer. Let it sit undisturbed for about 1–2 minutes to develop a caramelized edge, then stir-fry for another 1–2 minutes until just cooked through. Transfer to a plate and repeat with the remaining beef.
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Build the bowls: Divide the rice among four bowls. Top with the bulgogi beef, shredded carrots, and cucumber. Scatter with sesame seeds and the reserved scallion greens.
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Finish and serve: Add any optional toppings — a fried egg with a runny yolk is the move here — and serve immediately while the beef is still warm and glossy.